Effects of Second-Official Language on Earning Premiums in Ontario, Canada: Case of Male and Female Differentials

This paper is focusing on the effects of learning French as a second language, where English serves as the mother tongue amongst both male and female Ontarians. With other factors considered, the paper responds to the question; would it be beneficial in terms of earnings for both male and female residents of Ontario to either use only English, both English and French, or only French at work? Using census data from 2016, a log-linear model was fitted to a total sample 27,362 males and 22,752 females. Generally, there is significant difference (t=30.65>1.96; p=0.000<0.05) in wages between male and female workers. Also, the study concludes that there is only a significant difference in earnings if French is used alongside English at the workplace; however, both male and females need not to learn a second-official language while residing and working within Ontario as it does not benefit them in terms of their wages.